A consistent grayscale‐free topology optimization method using the level‐set method and zero‐level boundary tracking mesh

This paper proposes a level‐set based topology optimization method incorporating a boundary tracking mesh generating method and nonlinear programming. Because the boundary tracking mesh is always conformed to the structural boundary, good approximation to the boundary is maintained during optimization; therefore, structural design problems are solved completely without grayscale material. Previously, we introduced the boundary tracking mesh generating method into level‐set based topology optimization and updated the design variables by solving the level‐set equation. In order to adapt our previous method to general structural optimization frameworks, the incorporation of the method with nonlinear programming is investigated in this paper. To successfully incorporate nonlinear programming, the optimization problem is regularized using a double‐well potential. Furthermore, the sensitivities with respect to the design variables are strictly derived to maintain consistency in mathematical programming. We expect the investigation to open up a new class of grayscale‐free topology optimization. The usefulness of the proposed method is demonstrated using several numerical examples targeting two‐dimensional compliant mechanism and metallic waveguide design problems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Joint channel assignment and routing in multiradio multichannel wireless mesh networks with directional antennas

The aggregate capacity of a wireless mesh network (WMN) is severely affected by interflow interference. In this paper, we propose a network architecture that incorporates directional antennas with multiple orthogonal channels to effectively enhance the performance of WMNs. First, a sectored connectivity graph is introduced to model multiradio multichannel WMNs with directional antennas. Next we formulate the topology design, directional interface assignment, channel allocation, and routing mathematically as a mixed integer linear programming problem. This problem is solved using an iterated local search algorithm to obtain optimized network resource allocation. Simulation results indicate that the proposed architecture can achieve higher packet delivery ratio while providing better network fairness. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

AlN原料的钨网炉高温提纯

商品氮化铝粉料中含有高浓度的氧、碳及金属杂质,需经过高温提纯处理后才能用于物理气相法氮化铝晶体生长。与感应加热相比,钨网电阻加热可有效避免碳、氧等的二次沾污,势必具有良好的提纯效果。本文采用钨网炉对AlN原料进行高温烧结提纯处理,通过X射线能谱仪(EDS)、气体分析技术(IGA)和辉光放电质谱仪(GDMS)对烧结处理后AlN的杂质含量进行了测试分析,结果表明经钨网炉高温烧结处理后,AlN原料中杂质含量明显降低,其中的氧、碳去除效果显著。还进一步分析了杂质挥发、原料损耗随温度、时间变化的规律。     

单车行驶对路堤区域气流场的影响

基于FLUENT计算流体力学软件,对高速公路区域流场进行了模拟研究,采用动网格技术实现汽车运动,探讨了横风下单车行驶时高速公路周边区域流场的分布及变化规律,得出了一些有价值的结论。     

人字齿行星齿轮传动系统振动特性研究

通过对人字齿行星齿轮传动系统多重啮合间相位关系的分析,给出了考虑啮合相位的时变啮合刚度计算公式。考虑误差激励和时变啮合刚度激励,在行星架随动坐标系中建立了人字齿行星齿轮传动系统的平移-扭转耦合动力学模型。针对两组不同啮合相位的行星齿轮传动系统,采用傅里叶级数法求解其动力学模型,得到频域解和时域解,且分析啮合相位对人字齿行星齿轮系统振动特性的影响。     

网格疏密对MC模型计算精度的影响

在有限元计算中,结果的精确程度在很大程度上都依赖于网格的疏密程度。因而,很有必要去研究网格的疏密程度对计算结果精度的影响。本文基于摩尔库伦模型对浅基础进行了模拟,分别测试了几种不同的网格对计算结果的影响。结果表明:网格的疏密对计算结果影响很大,不同疏密程度网格模型得到的计算结果之间的差距可达50%以上,采用具有局部加密的网格模型和适当的局部网格密度对于提高计算精度是十分必要的,这样可使模型尽量地小,从而减少计算量,提高计算效率。     

LNG储罐工程用低温钢筋机械连接接头研发初探

综合考虑LNG储罐工程的特点以及耐-165℃的低温钢筋的力学性能,根据钢材的低温性能规律和钢筋机械连接的传力机理,设计低温钢筋镦粗直螺纹接头。按照相关标准进行了一系列低温钢筋和低温钢筋接头的常温和-165℃低温加载试验,接头试件各项试验结果均满足要求。最后根据实际情况对低温钢筋接头提出了更高的要求,并给出了实现方案。研究成果可为LNG储罐工程低温钢筋机械接头的研发和国内相关标准的制定提供参考。     

基于紧密中心性的无线mesh骨干网网关部署

将定向天线和Delaunay图应用于无线mesh骨干网络的网关部署,提出了基于紧密中心性的无线mesh骨干网络网关部署算法。根据已知的mesh路由器和网关的最大流通量对网络进行划分,形成Delaunay子图,在划分的子图中根据欧几里德距离找出距离中心点最近的3个节点,形成候选网关集,在候选网关集中选择到其他节点总路径最短的节点作为网关的部署位置,将每个子图的网关位置输出。仿真结果表明,根据网关最大流通量进行合理网络划分后,算法能最小化网络的网关数量,由mesh路由器到网关的总路径长度优于随机算法。     

Numerical simulation of friction stir butt-welding of 6061 aluminum alloy

A two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model was established to simulate the friction stir butt-welding of 6061 aluminum alloy. The dynamic mesh method was applied in this model to make the tool move forward and rotate in a manner similar to a real tool, and the calculated volumetric source of energy was loaded to establish a similar thermal environment to that used in the experiment. Besides, a small piece of zinc stock was embedded into the workpiece as a trace element. Temperature fields and vector plots were determined using a finite volume method, which was indirectly verified by traditional metallography. The simulation result indicated that the temperature distribution was asymmetric but had a similar tendency on the two sides of the welding line. The maximum temperature on the advancing side was approximately 10 K higher than that on the retreating side. Furthermore, the precise process of material flow behavior in combination with streamtraces was demonstrated by contour maps of the phases. Under the shearing force and forward extrusion pressure, material located in front of the tool tended to move along the tangent direction of the rotating tool. Notably, three whirlpools formed under a special pressure environment around the tool, resulting in a uniform composition distribution.     

限制失真的网格参数化方法

针对当前网格参数化效率较低、映射失真较严重的问题，提出一种限制失真的网格参数化方法。首先，预处理原始网格模型。输入原3D网格模型，采用Half-Edge数据结构来重新组织网格并切割网格模型产生相应的切缝；构建Tutte映射把3D网格映射到一个2D凸多边形域，即构建2D网格模型。然后，进行限制失真的网格参数化计算。将Tutte映射后的2D网格模型作为限制失真计算的初始数据，建立相对于原3D模型网格的失真度量函数；求得该度量函数的最小值点，即为映射后的网格坐标集合；将映射后的网格作为限制失真映射的输入网格，设定迭代终止条件，循环迭代直至迭代结束，得到收敛的最优网格坐标；在计算映射失真度时，针对等距映射失真采用Dirichlet能量函数度量，针对共形映射失真采用尽可能等距（MIPS）能量函数度量；在求解映射失真度量函数的最小值点时采用代理函数法结合组合牛顿法的最优解方法。最终，实现了该方法并开发了一个原型系统。在原型系统中，分别设计了限制等距失真和限制共形失真的网格参数化实验，对程序执行时间和失真能量下降情况进行了统计和对比，提供了相应的纹理映射效果展示。实验数据表明，所提出的方法执行效率高、映射失真能量下降快，最优值收敛质量稳定；纹理映射时纹理着色均匀、布局紧致、线条均匀，符合实际应用的标准。